Indian space program’s historic achievement with Vikram-32, the country’s first domestic 32-bit processor for space exploration.
India achieved a historic breakthrough by developing its first indigenous 32-bit processor for space-grade semiconductors, which established a new era of domestic technological independence. The nation achieved a historic milestone by creating its first native 32-bit processor which enables rocket navigation through space mission complexities.
The Vikram-32 processor received its public debut at Semicon India 2025 which took place from September 2–4 2025 at Yashobhoomi (International Convention and Exhibition Centre) in New Delhi.
Union IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw presented the Vikram-32 chip to Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Understanding Vikram-32
Vikram-32 represents the evolution of India’s space computing capabilities. The rocket and satellite system depends on this processor as its central processing unit to function as a replacement for the 16-bit Vikram-160 processor, which ISRO launch vehicles have used since 2009.The 32-bit upgrade provides rockets with faster processing and enhanced reliability and improved performance.
The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) at ISRO designed the processor and Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL) in Chandigarh brought it to life.
Features of Vikram-32
The processor has several distinctive features which make it stand out from others.
- The 100 MHz processor speed allows for immediate rocket calculation operations in real time.
- The processor operates at low power usage under 500 mW which makes it suitable for space applications because power resources are limited.
- The system functions within a temperature range of -55ºC to 125ºC.
- The processor executes 152 instructions while supporting 256 software interrupts and featuring multiple timer functions.
- The processor features built-in system interfaces which enable connections to other rocket components.
- The 181-pin chip contains SCL’s 180nm technology which provides a strong design structure.
Tested in Space
Vikram-32 has moved beyond laboratory testing to prove itself in the harsh environment of space. The inaugural batch, designated Vikram-3201, successfully flew aboard the PSLV-C60 mission, where it powered the Mission Management Computer of the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM-4). The orbital deployment success proves the processor operates dependably in space environments which will support upcoming space missions.
More than a Processor
The achievement extends beyond the single chip because ISRO developed an entire system based on Vikram-32.
This includes:
- Compilers
- Assemblers
- Linkers
- Simulators
- Integrated development environments (IDEs)
India’s Semiconductor Renaissance
Vikram-32 mission occurred at a time when India experienced substantial growth in the semiconductor industry. Since 2014 the Indian electronics sector has shown continuous expansion because manufacturing output has risen sixfold and export earnings have grown eightfold. The semiconductor industry needs to meet increasing international market demands because of digital transformation and automation and space exploration, as India establishes itself as a major semiconductor manufacturer. The Vikram-32 project demonstrates India’s capability to develop advanced technology solutions which fulfill industrial requirements across the globe.
Looking Ahead
The successful development of Vikram-32 has laid the foundation for upcoming technological advancements. The expertise and manufacturing capabilities developed through this project will propel India toward creating advanced processors in various fields.
Conclusion
The Indian space program achieved a major milestone through this accomplishment, which has made the nation a leading technological power worldwide.India demonstrates its technological progress through Vikram-32 which proves its ability to execute ambitious plans through individual chip development.
